In most cases twin transmission does not occur but, instead, twin twin boundaries form that contain boundary dislocations.
The plasticity was characterized by a large amount of twin formation and propagation, including twin transmission across grain boundaries.
Similar to dislocation interactions with grain boundaries, twin transmission was largely dictated by the minimization of the angle between the shear vectors of the incoming and outgoing twins.
All micrographs were collected on a Tecnai F20 Twin transmission electron microscope (FEI) running at 200 kV or an Tecnai-12 Biotwin electron microscope (FEI) operated at 120 kV, using a nominal magnification of 50,000× or 49,000×, respectively.
In-depth analysis of the interactions of {11¯21}⟨¯1¯126⟩ twins with grain boundaries found that grain boundaries with misorientation angles below ∼25° allowed twin transmission, while grain boundaries with higher angles did not.
Finally, samples were observed with a Tecnai G2 Spirit Twin transmission electron microscope (FEI Co., USA) and a JEM ARM 1300S high-voltage electron microscope (JEOL, Japan).
The sections were examined and imaged in a FEI Tecnai G2 20 Twin transmission electron microscope at 200 kV.
Data were acquired using a Tecnai F20 Twin transmission electron microscope (FEI, Hillbsboro OR) operating at 200 kV.
Imaging was performed on a Tecnai 12 Spirit Bio TWIN transmission electron microscope (Fei Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) at the Central Electron Microscopy Unit of Karolinska Institutet.
Cryo-EM data were acquired using a Tecnai F20 Twin transmission electron microscope operating at 200 keV equipped with a Gatan K2 Summit direct detection device.
The morphology of the dried unimolecular micelles were determined using a FEI Tecnai G F30 TWIN transmission electron microscope (TEM; 300 kV, E.A. Fischione Instruments, Inc. USA).
