Deeply rooted in these twin observations are the beginnings of what today are called "human rights" and the national and international legal processes associated with them.
We corrected all analyses (except the twin discordance analysis) for the non-independence of the twin observations by using the Huber-White variance estimator.
Given the twin observations of rapid sequence homogenization of centromeric repeats among chromosomes within species, yet rapid divergence among repeats between species, the question arises as to the fate of centromeric repeats, and CenH3 evolution, in allopolyploids.
The idea of a direct causal link between a fruit's transpiration and its Ca nutrition is supported in kiwifruit by the twin observations: (i) that most Ca enters the fruit early on in its 5-month development period (Clark and Smith 1988) and (ii) that the conductance of the fruit skin declines markedly during the growth period (Smith et al. 1995).
Nevertheless, the twin observations that blood flow suppresses Notch signalling via the repression of dll4 expression, and that blood flow is required for angiogenesis driven by hypoxic signalling, both add to our understanding of how blood flow may contribute to angiogenesis, and underline that mechanisms of angiogenesis differ according to context.
This is based on the twin observations of a correlation between the strength of deficit in canonical signaling or planar polarity activity for individual fz mutant alleles (Povelones et al. 2005) and that a failure to recruit Dsh to membranes equates with failure to signal in both pathways, suggesting that common Fz Dsh interactions underlie both activities (Wu et al. 2008).
Genetic twin studies and observation of familial aggregation have revealed significant genetic contribution to IS [ 3, 4].
Her elegant 2008 study of young twins, involving parental observation of their eating habits in the home and genotyping of their DNA, showed that genetic influences on young children's weight operate through effects on satiety mechanisms – the brain telling the body when it has had enough to eat.
Moreover, the sample size of this study was smaller than that of Luke's, particularly in relation to twins, although our observation period was longer.
Zygosity was assigned using DNA testing and parental observation of twin resemblance [ Price et al., 2000].
The low transmissibility, if any, of M. abscessus from person to person is further supported by the observation of twin sisters in our series, only one of whom was colonized with M. abscessus.
