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The twin design allows examination of the structure of genetic and environmental effects.
The twin design enables to investigate genetic and environmental contributions to (the stability of) executive functioning.
This editorial provides an introduction to the twin design and gene finding strategies using psychophysiological endophenotypes.
In addition, not considering the genotype-environment interaction is a limitation of the classical twin design, since genetic factors can influence an individual's choice/exposure to the environment.
We construct a Siamese twin design with parameters (4(p+1)2,2p2+3p+1,p2+p).
The present study therefore, employed a monozygotic (MZ) twin design which minimizes differences in genetic variation between the two groups.
Despite using a powerful paired twin design, we found no evidence for association of blood DNAmAge with cognitive abilities.
A classical twin design was applied, based upon data from 5140 young adult twins (same and opposite-sex).
Adding dizygotic opposite-sex twins (DOS) to the twin design enables us to investigate sex differences.
In the current paper we investigate the issue of 'added value' using a twin design.
In the classical twin design these may be confounded with the effects of the shared environment [46].
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