As adhesion assembly and turnover are highly dynamic and orchestrated processes essential for cell migration [22], we determined if the impaired cell migration of ACTN4 KD fibroblasts was due to the decreased turnover rate of focal adhesion at periphery.
In vivo methods for measuring small signaling molecules, metabolites, and neurotransmitters in model organisms, as well as dynamic qualia such as electrical potential, pH, fluid flow and molecular turnover, are highly desirable but very challenging [1] [5].
In this study, our results demonstrate that FoxO1 turnover is highly associated with the dynamic autophagy process.
Although high bone turnover is highly prevalent in the ICU and might compromise long-term outcome, there are currently no data on fracture risk after critical illness.
Even if all the measurements are accurate, the author's statement " in cells basal hydrolysis is a more significant determinant of Rab5 lifetime and turnover than GAP-mediated turnover" is highly speculative.
For example, in the olfactory epithelium, in which feedback controls neuron number [ 4, 5, 27], the rate of neuron turnover is highly dependent on the environment in which animals are reared [ 28].
In contrast to previous researchers, we used mature rats of 6 months of age, because in young rodents collagen turnover is highly elevated during skeletal growth and remodelling of the growth plate [ 12].
Throughout the vast majority of the N.F.L., turnovers are highly random.
The system has become highly standardised and compliance focussed, staff have limited time or skills and turnover is extremely high.
