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The average turnover time for this carbon is more than a century.
In addition, we believe that the reaction of pig skin to adhesives is likely to model human skin because both species have a similar total turnover time for the epidermis (30 days for the pig and 26 27 days for humans) [36].
In addition, lipid rafts isolated from the brain tissues induced the formation of 4 mers of Aβ that did not convert to fibrils for prolonged periods of time [23], suggesting increased turnover time for these lipid-induced oligomers.
The metabolic rate of tendons is relatively limited and is lower than that of skeletal muscle; oxygen consumption is 7.5 times lower and the turnover time for tendon collagen varies from 50 to 100 days [ 10].
If one bleaches a large area of cytoplasm, then one observes a slow turnover time for COPII subunits (Stephens et al. 2000) owing to bleaching of both the ERES and surrounding cytosol.
These data, coupled with the rapid achievement of equilibrium when the As is first started, suggest that the turnover time for As in this mouse model is relatively short, on the order of 1 or 2 days.
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To compare turnover times for a series of elective cases with surgeons following themselves with turnover times for a series of previously scheduled elective procedures for which the succeeding surgeon differed from the preceding surgeon.
A two-pool first-order kinetics model suggested that the vast majority (97%) of MMEL lignin had a turnover time of about 25 years, which is similar to field-estimated turnover times for soil-extractable lignin but much longer than estimated turnover times for fresh plant-residue lignin.
In the guinea pig, the turnover times for carbon and nitrogen in the liver are several months because of the regular mitosis of hepatocytes, whereas the turnover of carbon and nitrogen is much slower in the cerebellum than in the liver.
A significant fraction is also related to metabolic pools with longer turnover times, for example starch degradation and re-fixation of mitochondrial CO2.
For instance, turnover times for the longest living species and nutrient pools are shorter in aquatic than terrestrial systems [17], [18], [20], [21], [22], which may explain why aquatic systems trended towards shorter recovery times than terrestrial systems independently of disturbance magnitude.
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