Clp proteases in bacterial and eukaryotic systems have been implicated in vital cellular processes such as sporulation, DNA replication, protein turnover, stress tolerance and acclimation and regulation of gene expression [ 29].
Overexpression of DUX4-FL causes abnormal expression of genes in several pathways, including apoptosis, immune mediators, protein turnover, stress response, ubiquitin, and unfolded protein response, as well as alteration in expression of additional transcription factors such as PITX1.
This is largely due to the critical involvement of this subcellular compartment in a plethora of vital cellular functions: Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, transport, bioenergetics and turnover, ER stress, apoptotic signaling and inflammation.
A bioinformatics analysis indicated that cucumber phloem employed a combination of induced metabolism, protein turnover, common stress response, energy and transport, signal transduction and regulation of transcription, and development proteins as protection mechanisms against salinity.
The current labor model comes with its own unseen costs, like high turnover and stress for employees, she said.
Table 4 also lists groups of differentially enriched cDNAs which are implicated in protein turnover or stress responses.
Numerous effects of methyl-imbalanced diet, such as fat accumulation, protein kinase C activation, abnormal cell turnover, oxidative stress, low SAM/SAH ratio, DNA hypomethylation, and uracil incorporation into DNA or mutation, are prevented by a methyl-balanced diet.
Changes in RNA turnover facilitate stress responses, growth phase transitions and production of virulence factors [ 1, 2].
Cysteine proteases are most likely to be involved in degradation of misfolded proteins, to maintain protein turnover under stress conditions [ 45].
GbpB and GbpC lack the repeats characteristic, sharing GbpB sequence homology with putative peptidoglycan hydrolases of other streptococci, thus hypothesizing a crucial role in cell wall turnover and stress response [ 27].
This model describes defective actin turnover during stress due to the polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin causing ER disruption, increased calcium levels and activation of TG2, resulting in aberrant cofilin actin covalent cross-links.
