Figure 8 Distribution of turning angles and orientations.
The distribution of turning angles revealed a marked difference between off-trail and on-trail trajectories.
We also present crack turning angles for anisotropic foam material under mixed-mode loading.
The distribution of turning angles can be obtained by measuring the angle between two consecutive segments along the discretized trajectory.
(A) Illustration of how to calculate the distribution of turning angles, and (B) distribution of orientations as well as mean orientation vector from discretized trajectories.
Generally speaking, a wider distribution of turning angles indicate a more tortuous path comprising many turns, whereas a narrower distribution usually corresponds to more directed movement.
This motion would aim to satisfy the combined requirements of propulsive forces (speed) and turning angles (maneuverability) from the perspective of an energy efficient trajectory.
Following that, various statistical and geometric measures are calculated from the discretized segments, including distribution of turning angles and mean orientation vectors.
Using data gathered by PIQ's Robot nano-computer, the skis, gather up metrics like speed, turning angles, and transitions, displaying information in real time on the ski itself.
As evidence that spurious 180° turning angles may occur in animal movement data, GPS data recovered for a gray wolf showed a high frequency of 180° turning angles.
Observations of 180° turning angles, indicating direction reversals, are less reported although searching behaviors may be associated with 180° turning angles.
