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The velocity profile is illustrated across a pipe operating in the smooth turbulent zone.
Results suggest that it is the size of the turbulent zone, rather than just energy input, that affects flotation recovery.
In particular, the characterization of the turbulent zone inside the plasma jet is provided.
Camera images confirm the hypothesis that the flame penetrating into the duct is strongly torn in this turbulent zone and mixed with fresh gases.
The value of the ratio is equal to unity in the viscous sublayer and should be greater than unity in the turbulent zone.
In particular, numerical simulation indicates that a secondary explosion in the duct, known as a "burn-up", which is responsible for higher reduced explosion pressures during ducted venting, has its source in a highly turbulent zone generated at the duct entrance by the flame itself independently of the shape of the vessel/duct passage.
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Experiments are well predicted by a CFD model including porous media and turbulent zones, allowing to consider CFD simulations as references to fit simpler models.
Subgrid modeling in the case of a flow with coexisting laminar, transitional and turbulent zones such as the lid-driven cubical cavity flow represents a challenging problem.
According to the head of Cameroon's electoral body Elecam, Erik Essousse, the number of polling stations has been reduced in the north West and South West Regions and others moved from turbulent zones to more secure areas.
Guerrero has long been one of Mexico's most geologically and politically turbulent zones.
On the other hand, association of IABP with conventional CPB, as a cost-effective manner, creates turbulent zones from opposing flows and vascular complications [ 26– 28].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com