The gas phase turbulence reduced the dissipation of the spray phase turbulent kinetic energy which was found growing below the middle height of the spray plume.
Most trials found that unexpected wind turbulence reduced their effectiveness.
If higher stage pressure ratios are attempted, the flow will tend to separate from the blades, leading to turbulence, reduced pressure rise, and a "stalling" of the compressor with a concurrent loss of engine power.
Turbulence reduces the acceleration and destroys the plasmoids.
Turbulence reduces the ignition delay time as it promotes mixing between air and the fuel vapor, eventually resulting in lower values of scalar dissipation.
The 11.7% cases outperformed the 1% cases, but it appears that at the 11.7% cases the higher freestream turbulence reduces the performance of the secondary holes compared to the 7.5% case.
Turbulence reduces the velocity in the central part of the velocity fields.
We therefore suggest that pointed wingtips, low wingloading and avoidance of high winds and turbulence reduce flight costs for small birds during migration, and that climate change may have the strongest effects on migrants' in-flight energy use if it affects the frequency and/or severity of high winds and atmospheric instability.
One example often mentioned is turbulence-reducing aeroplane wings covered in billions of silicon microflaps and tiny wind sensors.
It was found that in effect, trees have a regionally beneficial impact on road traffic emissions by increasing turbulence and reducing ambient concentrations of road traffic emissions by 7% at pedestrian height on average.
The effective angular velocity due to the truncation error term was dependent on the distance from the wall, and the turbulence was reduced on both sides of the walls analogously to the laminarization of turbulence on the suction side of the conventional rotating channel flow.
