We believe that the insights learned from this work will lead to the discovery of new strategies to tune differentiation for in situ differentiation or stem cell therapeutics.
In this study, we aim at tuning the differentiation of periosteum in an organ culture model towards cartilage, rich in collagen type II, using combinations of biochemical and mechanical stimuli.
Complementing previously described receptive field refinement (Dong et al., 2009), and temporal decorrelation of spiking activity (Xu et al., 2011), this tuning and differentiation of cell properties likely reflects maturation of tectal networks.
Prelamin A plays a physiological role in muscle, but requires fine tuning during differentiation [ 2],[ 3] to accomplish its biological role in the regulation of nuclear envelope-mediated chromatin remodeling and myonuclear positioning.
These findings indicate that TGF-β1 finely tunes osteoblast differentiation.
To explore whether we could tune cell differentiation by modulating BMP signaling activation, we further investigated MWCNTs 6, 7, 11, 12, 20 and 43 for their effects on cell signaling and differentiation.
After naive T cells have been primed and begin to undergo clonal expansion, the other B7 family members and their receptors serve as 'lenses' to fine-tune the differentiation and function of the activated T cells.
Microarray and real-time RT PCR analyses of HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to either 20 or 1% oxygen have revealed several genes that encode proteins involved in cell migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis, as well as anti-invasive factors which are up-regulated in low oxygen (Koklanaris et al., 2006), suggesting that a low oxygen environment may 'fine-tune' trophoblast differentiation.
Thus, THOC5 is one of key factors to commit cell lineage and to mediate fine tuning during cell differentiation.
Therefore, this approach is promising for fine tuning of cell differentiation through modulating BMP signaling to a desired level.
