Exact(18)
Clinical suspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in which the sputum smears are negative for acid fast bacilli represent a diagnostic challenge in resource constrained settings.
Additionally M. tuberculosis-specific RNA amplification was performed on specimens from patients with a high likelihood for tuberculosis in which examinations for AFB were negative [(Gen-Probe® Amplified™ Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (MTD) Test, San Diego, CA, USA)].
The size of the infant's bones, and the extent of the bony changes, suggest a case of acquired neonatal tuberculosis, in which an adult suffering from contagious pulmonary tuberculosis infects an infant shortly after birth.
This is in agreement with other reviews on abdominal tuberculosis in which intestinal type of abdominal tuberculosis ranged from 50%-78 50%-78 50].
We evaluated all isolates of M. tuberculosis, in which drug susceptibility testing was performed at our institution since 1997, for multi and extensive drug resistance.
These patients were also recruited into a prospective study of HIV and tuberculosis in which a wide range of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological factors were examined [ 21].
Similar(42)
That is certainly true of many of the high burden areas of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB), in which a CD4 cell count may be difficult to obtain and a viral load is completely unavailable.
Peru is a middle-income country with high tuberculosis incidence in which conventional Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear-microscopy is the principal diagnostic test for tuberculosis.
This can be added onto surveys of tuberculosis patients in which sputum is collected, in particular for drug susceptibility testing.
A decrease of RD1-specific CD4+ T-cell effector responses has been reported also in animal models of M. tuberculosis infection in which a decrease in responses in mononuclear cells from both the lymph nodes and lungs after the acute phase of infection was shown [ 37].
She had had node-negative, localized gastric adenocarcinoma 2 years earlier, which had been treated by partial gastrectomy, and pulmonary tuberculosis in 1948, which had been treated by partial pneumonectomy.
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