Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, which is often difficult to differentiate both clinically and radiologically from infectious aetiologies such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, and also from malignancy, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma.
Many other diseases can also give this appearance, including tuberculosis, fungal infections, metastatic cancer or organizing pneumonia.
The main differential diagnosis of cavitating pulmonary infiltrates includes bacterial abscess, tuberculosis, fungal infections, nocardiosis, and parasitic lung diseases [ 157].
The differential diagnosis of the adrenal masses included metastatic carcinoma, tuberculosis, fungal infections, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and sarcoidosis.
Multiple types of lesions may contain calcium, including thyroid goiters and cancers, thymomas, thymic carcinomas and carcinoids, treated lymphoma, germ cell tumors, parathyroid adenomas, and lymph nodes involved with silicosis, sarcoid, tuberculosis, fungal diseases and pneumocystis.
[ 19, 20] Chronic infectious entities such as tuberculosis, fungal disease, parasitic disease, subacute bacterial endocarditis and human immunodeficiency virus can cause weight loss by similar mechanisms (although ectopic hormone production is less likely with infections).
Tuberculosis and fungal infections typically result in the calcification of the adrenal glands.
Some money is allotted for more sophisticated drugs to fight drug-resistant tuberculosis and fungal infections, and for an "AIDS cocktail" of anti-retroviral drugs -- but in these cases, only enough to reach a fraction of those infected because those therapies must be closely supervised and the medical resources to do so are scarce.
Congenital tuberculosis and fungal infections are rare.
As for other causes of scalloping, communicating hydrocephalus, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, neurofibromatosis, achondroplasia, Morquio syndrome, Hurler syndrome, acromegaly, tuberculosis, and fungal infections have been reported [4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15].
It can appear with ascites and multiple nodules: these imaging features as reported by Gezer et al. should be differentiated from other pathological conditions, which include carcinomatosis, tuberculosis, and fungal infections [2].
