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The current paper reports a new phenomenon that the flow in a spiral tube element is sensitive to the element attitude caused by the Coriolis force, and that a valveless piezoelectric pump is designed by applying this phenomenon.
Toward the thorax, the dorsal tube (element 14) divides into chambers and acts like the insect's heart.
During penetration of plant tissue the stylet is manoeuvred through plant tissue until it is finally anchored in a sieve tube element.
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Wall thicknesses of steel tube elements are sized to meet requirements for allowable stresses under all installation and operational conditions.
Referring to the member interaction results, reaching an optimum interactive performance stands on the design of both geometry and material of plate and tube elements.
The surface tension in these bridges then pulls the curved tube elements continuously to create planar walls, thereby replacing the circular core structures with ones of hexagonal geometry.
A procedure is described to evaluate the loads in individual plate and tube elements as the axial shortening is increased until the 0.2% proof strain for the VHS tube material is attained.
This non-linear, one-dimensional method may readily include temporal and spatial variations in sound pressure level, orifice flow velocities, and mean duct flow, all of which affect the local orifice behaviour of perforated tube elements, and therefore the overall noise reduction characteristics.
To visualize callose in sieve tube elements in seedlings, aniline blue was used according to [61].
Phloem exudate was collected from sieve tube elements, the specialized cells involved in long-distance phloem transport of angiosperms.
In wheat, vascular bundles consist of xylem (tracheids) and phloem (sieve tube elements) and are supported by sclerenchyma tissue (fibers) in stems.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com