Fifty-three case records (1.8% of total sample) of patients hospitalized during 1998 2006 at Children's Hospital Colorado were identified with TSS-specific, possible TSS, or infectious shock not TSS codes and available for independent, blinded review using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's staphylococcal and streptococcal TSS case definitions (10 ).
Of the 2,861 hospitalized persons with infectious shock, those assigned TSS-specific codes accounted for 411 (14.4%), and possible TSS codes constituted 371 (13.0%).
CREB binding events in the remainder of the 5' UTR (greater than 200 bp downstream of TSS), coding exons, or 3' UTRs were extremely rare.
Our chart validation of coded definitions demonstrated reasonable sensitivity and positive predictive value for TSS-specific and possible TSS codes at a single institution; however, discharge coding among institutions is not necessarily consistent or precise and can result in ascertainment errors when applied to larger discharge populations.
As expected, unidirectional genes show a positive GC skew immediately downstream the TSS, while coding-coding genes show two sharp and inverted GC skew peaks, one negative and one positive, respectively upstream and downstream the TSS.
Recently, it has been suggested that DNA methylation of CpG sites near specific TSSs coding for individual isoform variants may be an alternative regulatory mechanism [ 18].
We found that both equilibrium levels as well as dissociation rates within TSSs, coding region, and TESs are directly correlated with gene activity.
In order to test whether H3K9ac and H3K14ac modifications have differential preference over various chromatin regions, we compared their presence over promoters (2000 bp upstream of transcription start sites (TSSs)), coding exons, introns and distal intergeneic regions, which represent 2.5%, 1.6%, 38.7% and 57.2% of the total genome, respectively [ 22].
In 68 of 116 cases that received the TSS-specific code, there was clinical suspicion of TSS, but these cases did not meet the clinical case definition (<5 criteria): 10 were streptococcal TSS and 7 were in non-MSP residents.
qChIP experiments were carried out using chromatin prepared from untreated, UV treated cells in the presence or absence of caffeine, and the relative occupancy of Pol II was determined by qChIP analysis on upstream (US), transcription start site (TSS, proximal), coding region (CD) and 3'-end region (distal) (Fig. 4).
