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To clarify the effect of set shifting on the deception task in Parkinson's disease patients, we also compared the accuracy of Truth trials that were preceded by Lie trials with that of the remaining Truth trials that were not preceded by Lie trials in Parkinson's disease patients.
Behaviorally, we would expect to perceive a typical "lie effect", namely a significantly longer response time for the lie trials than for the truth trials.
Mean accuracies were 79.1% (SD = 10.3) for the Truth trials preceded by Lie trials and 81.1% (SD = 10.3) for the Truth trials not preceded by Lie trials.
However, our analysis of set-shifting effect on the response accuracy in Truth trials did not support this interpretation.
If the set-shifting deficits affected the deception task performance, the patients should show worse performance for the Truth trials preceded by Lie trials than for those not preceded by Lie trials.
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We also found that the correct-truth trials produced greater neural activities in the left middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus than the incorrect-truth trials, suggesting the involvement of the reward system.
In some ways, it speaks to a broader, unspoken truth about trials.
Salva Kiir and Riek Machar's joint opinion piece published in the New York Times on Tuesday is headlined with a simple plea: "South Sudan Needs Truth, Not Trials".
"If we are convinced they are truthful about the crimes committed against them, and will tell the truth at trial, we will ask a jury to consider their testimony to prove a crime," the statement said.
"She doesn't have to wait to tell the truth at trial; she is telling the truth today".
In subsequent takes, I'm effectively talking back and forth to myself via an electronic ear, trying to find truth by trial and error.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com