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a Standard truss model.
d Refined truss model (Leonhardt 1965).
b Fan truss model (Marti 1985).
c Truss model combined with Strut-Tie (Walraven and Niwa).
Open image in new window Fig. 6 Truss model for short coupling beam.
Along a fiber edge the truss model only admits tangential forces.
However, the use of a combined truss model is relatively complicated.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Variable angle truss model by two-point Gauss quadrature.
The results obtained indicated that the optimized truss model is indeed more viable representative to the actual internal stress distribution and accurate than existing 45-deg truss model.
In terms of the truss component, constant angle truss model (CATM) or variable angle truss model (VATM) can be employed to calculate the fully diagonally cracked shear stiffness, K t, of a RECC column.
The relation involves an effective elastic material law (N varepsilon)), (varepsiloninmathbb{R}) for the truss model in (3.5a).
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