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Sevlever, D., Jiang, P. & Yen, S.H. Cathepsin D is the main lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of alpha-synuclein and generation of its carboxy-terminally truncated species.
Upon cleavage of Trx, the truncated species adhere to the membrane of macrophages [29].
However, some truncated species were more abundant in ΔtmRNA cells compared to tmRNA+ cells (Fig. 1D).
While the origin of these truncated species in vivo remains unclear, we speculate that Cu2+-promoted amide hydrolysis may provide a possible mechanism.
Similarly, the GC-rich region of BRAF, which is within the first 183 bases, coincides with the presence of truncated species starting at about 329 bp (Fig. 1C and D).
Overall, there is a marked disappearance of truncated species with a simultaneous formation of target product as the concentration of each additive is increased (maximum effect for both genes at about 10% DMSO or 2 M betaine).
Similar(40)
Other groups identified Aβ11-42 Aβ11-42only N-truncased species [ 41].
Certain forms of N-truncated species are better correlates for early pathological changes found pre-symptomatically more often than others.
If the extracellular Aβ originates in the intracellular pool, why doesn't the extracellular pool only consist of N-truncated species?
Aβ4-x precedes AβpE3-x in the well accepted 5XFAD AD mouse model underlining the significance of N-truncated species in AD pathology.
At the same time, there is increasing evidence that N-truncated species, such as AβpE3-42, may contribute to AD-typical behavioral deficits [ 20, 56].
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