Pretherapeutic determination of tumor resistance to chemotherapy is a main challenge, hindered by the low number of mechanisms characterized at the same time, the small size of the clinical specimens and the heterogeneity of the techniques or the lack of true quantification.
Another major limitation of echocardiography in assessing valvular regurgitation severity is the lack of true quantification parameters.
Because double events are also biased, this still does not give a true quantification, but only compensates for the differences of biasing.
True quantification, however, is hindered by the fact that estimated myocardial blood volume is subjected to attenuation artifacts, such as the microbubbles present in the left ventricular cavity, and heterogeneity of the acoustic beam.
Two methods used to estimate protein content include a) direct quantification of the true protein content and b) quantification of the nitrogen (assuming that all nitrogen is protein, rather than recognition that some is in non-protein nitrogen compounds [ 11- 13].
It is true that quantification of Ag (0) is not accurate from the absorbance value of the SPR signal of the SNBCs.
The model accounts for these patients by treating them as biphasic responders with a β phase below the limit of quantification of the assay, although the true dynamics below 0.0032% BCR-ABL1 are unknown.
The ontological commitments of a theory (according to Quine, whose notion this is) are those entities that must lie within the domain of quantification of the theory if the theory is to be true; or, the entities the predicates of the theory have to be true of if the theory is to be true.
According to Cover and Thomas (1991), the Kullback-Leibler measure D(X||Y) is the quantification of the error considering that the Y model is true when the data follow the X distribution.
Based on simulations with a mono-energetic X-ray beam, the authors showed that SPECT quantification of the myocardium was accurate to within 9% of the true activity concentration.
