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In other words, the FC approach operates on the premise that employee wages are not a true proxy for lost productivity, and that wages are likely to be the upper bound estimate of lost productivity due to illness.
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If it were possible to re-analyze those data and incorporate information on theatre of service of individual veterans, that would provide a truer proxy for DU exposure, rather than the imprecise approximation of Yes/No deployment in the war.
We viewed calls to poison centers as a proxy for true incidence and although we expected trends in both calls and true incidence to be similar, it is likely that the number of calls per year grossly underestimated the true incidence.
We can confirm that the HHI calculated on hospital level is a very poor proxy for true market concentration.
Most authors refrain from creating a hospital system identifier, but calculate concentration measures based on individual hospitals as a proxy for true market powerh.
Because it uses quality scores as a proxy for true error rates, the model does not distinguish between basecall and indel errors, but aggregates them together.
These data were a proxy for true MRSA incidence.
Average variable costs were measured as a proxy for true marginal costs.
Nevertheless, PDC remains a validated proxy for true adherence and represents one of the most commonly used approaches [ 18– 20].
Thus, this observation suggests that using the pedigree-based estimated breeding values as proxy for "true" breeding values has no significant impact on the estimation of prediction accuracies.
Here, type-concordance means that an antibody serotype matches a cervicogenital genotype; this definition is a proxy for true serotype concordance because full serotype profiles are not available.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com