Exact(17)
Her true pedigree is unknown, although it is generally accepted that she was part husky or other Nordic breed, and possibly part terrier.
The true pedigree is known from direct observation.
Clearly, this is a simple and likely erroneous model of the true pedigree.
In the past, inferring relatedness from molecular genetic data was regarded as an approximation to the true pedigree relatedness.
True kinship (f) between individuals was calculated from the true pedigree, and observed kinship (f ˜ ) was calculated from the observed pedigree using the tabular method [ 18].
Thus without exceptions, our algorithm finds a pedigree with at least the log-likelihood of the true pedigree (data not shown).
Similar(43)
So, partly for curiosity, and partly to help her medical work, Dr Ostrander embarked on a project to understand dog genetics better by tracking down the true pedigrees of pedigree dogs.
For each generation, observed pedigrees were created from true pedigrees, by setting, sires, or both parents to missing for 0%to100%0% random individuals.
For each generation, observed pedigrees were created from true pedigrees by substituting 0%to25%5% of the true fathers by another father taken at random from the same generation as the true father.
True pedigrees were converted to erroneous pedigrees using two methods: (1) changing sire records, resulting in wrong sire information (WSI) and (2) setting parent records to missing, resulting in missing parent information (MPI).
We have investigated the amount of diversity saved by comparing three different situations: (1) OCS based on observed pedigree (including wrong and/or missing pedigrees), (2) OCS based on true pedigrees, and (3) breeding with equal contributions, a method that requires no (pedigree) information.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com