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Biologists are looking for the classification scheme that reflects the true evolutionary history of the organisms.
To avoid confusion, the term vestige should be reserved for true evolutionary holdovers.
However, many studies of mammals have shown that the maternal history of the mitochondrial genome can be discordant with the true evolutionary history of the taxa.
It is quite likely that binary trees constructed in common analyses failed to reflect the complexity of true evolutionary histories of organisms (Morrison, 2011).
It is also worth noting that this combinatorial origination of technological complexity leads to a timeline of design evolution that cannot be collapsed into a true evolutionary tree.
Interestingly, Darwin ([1871]) perpetuated the myth that male nipples are true evolutionary vestiges that stem from lactation in male as well as female ancestral mammals.
By analysing such a significantly expanded data set, phylogenomics is likely to result in reduced statistical errors and to reveal true evolutionary relationships more reliably.
That the vestigial remnants of true evolutionary changes provide key evidence for evolutionary changes cannot be denied, nor can the dynamic relation between phylogeny and ontogeny.
Genetic evidence suggests that the true evolutionary relationship of multicelled organisms is as shown in the cladogram below – fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants.
ACE called Ultima Underworld "the next true evolutionary step in the RPG genre", and noted that its simulation-style dungeon was "frighteningly realistic".
This assumption can be met without perfect concordance between subspecies taxonomy and true evolutionary trees.
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