Placebo-controlled studies are needed to determine the true efficacy of botulinum toxin in these disorders.
Observational studies suggest improvements with frequent hemodialysis (HD), but its true efficacy and safety remain uncertain.
Further studies are needed to explain the exact mechanism of action and to determine the true efficacy of this approach.
For example, monitoring yearly melanoma mortality rates over several years may help gauge PLX4032's true efficacy.
The results of the AIR-2 trial have generated enormous interest, controversy, and confusion regarding the true efficacy of BT for severe asthma.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and harm reduction services have been cited as key contributors to control of HIV epidemics; however, the specific contribution of ART has been questioned due to uncertainty of its true efficacy on HIV transmission through needle sharing.
There are a few randomized control trials assessing the true efficacy of these modalities, showing often less impressive results than the open studies did, due to a high placebo effect in mild gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
In future, the placebo effect should be adequately quantified in the distinct clinical scenarios of IBD in order to design clinical trials that could demonstrate the true efficacy of the treatments investigated.
The true efficacy of a programme of agricultural mitigation measures within a catchment to improve water quality can be determined only after a certain hydrologic time lag period (subsequent to implementation) has elapsed.
If this is not done the efficacy may be significantly overestimated, and the healthcare professional may rely on data which do not represent the true efficacy of an agent.
Routine use of simple validated rating scales can objectively document functional impairment, aid in evaluating the true efficacy of treatments, and assist patients in their application for disability benefits or appropriate workplace accommodations.
