Exact(10)
Discrimination parameters were limited to this range because items with very low discrimination (i.e., less than 0.5) are rarely used in item banks, whereas highly discriminating items (i.e., true discrimination parameters greater than 2.5) tend to be poorly estimated (i.e., positively biased) parameters [ 36].
Disparate-impact analysis, he argued, is not necessary to combat "true discrimination". He said he also tried to persuade officials in the George W. Bush administration to do the same, without results.
The condition with lower true discrimination of guilty from innocent suspects may nonetheless yield greater information gain from a positive identification if the response bias is conservative.
However, the difference in the AUCs (which Lampinen did not report) is inconsequential compared with the difference in AUCs when true discrimination accuracy (d′) actually varies.
As evidence, he offered a series of simulations in which true discrimination accuracy (d′) was equated for two different identification tasks: showups and six-photograph lineup identifications.
Importantly, the same memory strengths were used on both simulated lineup tasks, and thus true discrimination of guilty from innocent suspects is equated for these ROCs.
Similar(50)
All ipsilateral breast cancer events were considered in the calculation of the cumulative incidence of metachronous ipsilateral breast cancer, because the retrospective design of this study did not allow reliable discrimination between true recurrences and separate metachronous primaries.
It is unfortunate that some scientists feel they must ignore true scientific discrimination among people in order to avoid social discrimination ("Race Is Seen as Real Guide").
The same is true of discrimination on the grounds of race, gender, religion, or anything else.
Freeman and Ashenfelter offered reasons for suspecting that true wage discrimination would also be counter-cyclical, with the latter referring to an apparently common argument of the time that the perceived cost to employers of discriminating was higher in tight labor markets.
If Cohen's allegations prove true, the discrimination would be a "clear violation" of New York City and New York State Human Rights Laws, said Samuel Bagenstos, a law professor at the University of Michigan, in an email.
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