Sentence examples for trophic divergence from inspiring English sources

Alternatively, if trophic divergence is manifest primarily along non-host associated lines, then it will have diverged along a different trajectory relative to traits involved in crypsis and may stymie how far ecological speciation proceeds.

The proximate explanations for such trophic divergence between the sexes are diverse and may include differential handling skills [3], developmental size [4], nutritive requirements [5], habitat requirements [6], and availability of suitable prey [7].

In particular, studies conducted in systems known to be undergoing ecological speciation can test whether trophic divergence contributes to the speciation process [ 4- 6, 22].

To address these questions concerning trophic divergence and ecological speciation we quantify mandible shape variation (known trophic traits in many insects; [ 16, 23]) in multiple populations of T. cristinae that exhibit two 'ecotypes' found living on two different host-plant species.

Extensive work on feeding functional morphology [ 20] and trophic divergence [ 29, 31- 33] identified trophic specialization as a major source of adaptive diversification in the geophagine radiation with predators, benthic sifters, and invertebrate pickers exhibiting trait complexes associated with strong biting, suction, and rapid jaw-closing capabilities respectively [ 20].

Beyond theory, however, empirical studies are needed to clarify along which factors disruptive selection drives trophic morphological divergence.

In such cases the development of reproductive isolation based on trophic trait divergence is less likely and may even be hindered from developing based on other traits as well [ 11, 12, 20, 21].

There is also evidence that bentho-pelagic divergence in trophic morphology can appear within the first generation of fishes that invade a new lake.

Divergence in trophic niche between the sexes may function to reduce competition between the sexes ("intersexual niche partitioning hypothesis"), or may be result from differential selection among the sexes on maximizing reproductive output ("sexual selection hypothesis").

Clear examples of ecological speciation exist, often involving divergence in trophic morphology.

Our results thus provide new insights into ecological speciation in this system, and on the role of sexual dimorphism in the adaptive divergence of trophic morphology in general.