The mean individual level of exposure was significantly lower during the third trimester compared with the second trimester, controlling for the season, year, and ETS (Table 6).
The pattern of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell morphology was distinctive in creta placentas: densely-compacted cell columns and large star-shaped cells with a typically migratory phenotype, not common among third trimester control placentas.
A time-series study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, found that birth weight was inversely related to CO in the first trimester; after controlling for potential confounders, a 1-ppm increase in the mean CO concentration in the first trimester was associated with a 23-g (95% CI, 5 41 g) reduction in birth weight (Gouveia et al. 2004).
Multivariate analysis was used to ascertain the independent effect of each socio-economic variable on the outcome, second trimester abortion, after controlling for confounders.
The risk for fetal death was highest in the third trimester, even after controlling for maternal age, dehydration level, and vomiting.
Development of hair follicles begins towards the end of the first trimester of pregnancy and is controlled by epidermal mesenchymal interaction (EMI), which is a signaling cascade between epidermal and mesenchymal cell populations.
All analyses also controlled for the trimester during which toe nail clippings for Hg assessment were collected and for weeks of gestation at the time of saliva sample collection, as cortisol levels are known to rise over the course of pregnancy [ 47].
IQ at 6 to 10 years of age, assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised, decreased significantly only with increasing natural-log third-trimester blood lead, controlling for other blood lead measurements and covariates.
In the first trimester of pregnancy trophoblast invasion is tightly controlled.
At 18 weeks gestation, the patient developed new-onset generalized convulsive seizures (GCSs), which were poorly controlled by anticonvulsant polytherapy, early in the second trimester.
