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[Editors' note: a previous version of this study was rejected after peer review, but the authors submitted for reconsideration. The two decision letters after peer review are shown below.] Thank you for choosing to send your work entitled "Bacterial autolysins trim cell surface peptidoglycan to prevent detection by the Drosophila innate immune system" for consideration at eLife.
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Then, 6 hr post-plating, cells were scratch wounded with a trimmed rubber cell scraper to generate an ∼500-μm-width wound.
The small number of EdU+ ta-TRIM − cells (approximately 5% of all EdU+ cells) could indicate the existence of a different small subpopulation of germinative cells, or could be the result of fluctuating silencing of these elements in the germinative cells.
Throughout the development of protoscoleces from the germinal layer, the ta-TRIM + cells show the stereotypical distribution of the germinative cells (Koziol et al. 2014) and continue to incorporate EdU (fig. 7 B– G).
This would provide a developmental mechanism for insertion of ta-TRIMs into cells that will eventually generate the adult germ line.
Our two studies also show that both constitutive expression and IFN-inducibility of TRIM genes are cell type dependent, which may have an impact on the antiviral properties of individual TRIM family members [35].
The trim25 protein is involved in antiviral innate immune responses through activation of signalling pathways leading to production of interferons and in teleost cells TRIM genes are induced in response to viral infections [ 40, 41].
To test if these network decay mechanisms are sufficient to also "trim" the machinery to cell sized dimensions, we have modified kinetic model parameters as well as the G-actin diffusion coefficient within reasonable ranges.
At the double negative stage of T cell development, TRIM is already expressed together with the pre-TCR [ 30], which also includes ζ.
These findings were further corroborated by the observation that upon T cell activation TRIM is not targeted to lysosomes (as evidenced by lack of colocalization with the lysosomal marker Lamp1).
Don't remove the entire cap that covers the seed cell; just trim the stems.
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