Similar(8)
GCs may trigger a degenerative process as well as inhibit the repair.
To determine if A2E could chemically trigger the degenerative process in the retina, we explored the acute and long-term toxicity of A2E to human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro.
Because sIBM, in contrast to polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM), is notoriously refractive to immunosuppressive therapies, it is assumed that sIBM is not a primary autoimmune myopathy but that the inflammatory changes are secondary to as yet unknown viral or degenerative triggers.
The contribution of oxidative stress in AMD as a trigger of the degenerative process is well-established.
Proteins at concentrations significantly higher than the physiological levels may exert toxic effects on cells thereby triggering production of degenerative proteases.
In addition, the mouse model has demonstrated that cGMP levels are elevated prior to any depression in retinal function, indicating that this may be the trigger for the subsequent degenerative changes, and that there is a significant loss of photoreceptors as the disease progresses, although this is less evident for rods than for cones.
The cartilage response to immobilization was indicative of degeneration; loss of chondrocytes, decreased collagen matrix staining and irregularity of the superficial layer all supporting a degenerative process triggered by the absence of mechanical stimulation [ 20, 21].
The increased concentration of PC measured in response to +CO2 in both species (in beech also to +ND), and observed within vacuoles of mesophyll cells, formed an important indication of degenerative changes triggered by nutrient imbalances.
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