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Evidence suggests that these triggering pathways are upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction and caspases, and seem to converge to persistent activation of proapoptotic bcl-2 family proteins[18], [33], [34], inhibition of NF-κB activation [18], or inhibition of FoxM1 transcription factor [35].
Two major triggering pathways have been defined for the caspase cascade.
Results showed that MWCNTs exhibited dose-dependent toxicity in all dose groups as compared to the negative control, and that the cell survival rate decreased dramatically due to DNA damage, triggering pathways leading to programmed cell death.
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Though, the exact mechanism underlying this triggering pathway is still unclear, but the up-production biosynthesis of plants hormones and vitamins as a result of bacterial infection may be involved in this process (Barea et al. 2002).
45 This characteristic may be a result of GLP-1's effect on the insulin secretion amplification pathway rather than on the direct triggering pathway.
But Epel believes that meditation might also trigger "pathways of restoration and enhancement", perhaps boosting the parasympathetic nervous system, which works in opposition to the fight or flight response, or triggering the production of growth hormone.
These toxic (by-) products, may directly or indirectly trigger pathways mentioned above and hence contribute to tau phosphorylation.
The data model should not only incorporate the different nature of the diverse stimuli but also allow a dynamic simulation of the triggered pathways.
Therefore, it was suggested that both overnutrition and undernutrition during fetal life can trigger pathways responsible for obesity later in life (19).
Strikingly, the majority of the stressors triggered pathway changes that are remarkably different from the ARP.
These results suggest that bioengineered ZnONPs interact with meristematic cells triggering biochemical pathways conducive to an accumulation of biomass.
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