Estimation of the return period of slope instability represents a quantitative method to map landslide triggering hazard on a catchment.
Applications are first conducted to map landslide triggering hazard in the Loco catchment, located in highly landslide-prone area of the Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy.
The consequence-based scheme does not need a triggering hazard event (or its likelihood) and is an apt structural design approach for black swan events.
The interaction and the couple effects that may occur as induced and indirect consequences of any triggering hazard in metropolitan areas is one of the most important problems to be tackled during disasters, as the Kobe earthquake in 1995 showed very clearly.
The sudden extreme precipitation that occurred within 3 days between 30 May and 1 June 2013 was the triggering hazard.
The player can also trigger hazards by going into a D.J. move patterned after record scratching.
The triggering hazards considered correspond to earthquakes and extreme rainfall, which are represented by stochastic event sets that provide the spatial distribution of the first two probability moments of the triggering intensity together with the annual occurrence frequency.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Top Rain triggered landslide hazard map (annual exceedance rate); Bottom Map of levels of intervention by lots for urban planning of Manizales based on the level of hazard and risk (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high).
This would take it into the path of one of the world's busiest international shipping lanes, and trigger hazard warnings via a number of observation agencies.
Kelman and Glantz (2014) believe that developing EWS is a social process aimed at addressing the need to prevent the harm triggered by hazards, but EWS does not started with a hazard manifesting.
Precipitation as the triggering meteorological hazard in this case study was of "medium limitation" to specific locations following Egli's (1996) characterization, namely the northern Black Forest, the Swabian Alb, and the southeastern Alpine foothills.
