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In regard to nuclear medicine literature reporting lung uptake of colloidal radiopharmaceuticals in patients with liver diseases, it has been hypothesized that liver abnormalities could trigger induction of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in humans normally lacking them.
The differences in pathways and activator components that trigger induction by Fe deficiency probably influences the timing of the induction of the different genes, such as OsIRT1 and OsIRO2, which are under the regulation of IDEF1 (Kobayashi et al. 2007).
This suggests that under stress conditions the prophage-like regions are activated and may trigger induction of the lytic cycle, which ultimately results in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs).
While only a few defined factors can trigger induction of pluripotency, the underlying mechanisms are complex, including the up/downregulation of transcription factors, a wide array of epigenetic changes, protein post-translational modifications, effects mediated by micro-RNAs, and adaptations in cellular signaling and cell-to-cell communication.
The former will specifically trigger induction of the high-affinity iron transporter, while the latter will specifically trigger induction of the high-affinity zinc transporter.
Interferon therapy can trigger induction of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes.
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ROS induce oxidative damage to DNA, thereby triggering induction of the SOS response whereby cell division is halted and DNA is repaired25.
In contrast, our research with piglets showed that soluble OVA administered immediately after birth triggered induction of oral tolerance [ 27].
Bnip3 overexpression induces selective removal of mitochondria in cardiac myocytes and triggers induction of autophagy independent of calcium, ROS generation, and mPTP opening [ 83].
Investigation of the target genes identified to be involved in cellulase regulation by analysis of gene knock out strains largely covering the involved pathways would be a logical further step towards elucidation of the mechanisms triggering induction, transcription, processing and secretion of cellulolytic enzymes.
During systemic infection a sophisticated regulatory network processes and integrates a variety of hostile environmental cues including acidic pH [ 12], antimicrobial peptides [ 13] and reactive oxygen species [ 14] within macrophages triggering induction of specific subsets of genes to adapt to the growth environment, evade the innate immune response, and prevent lysosomal fusion.
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