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The significant upregulation of multiple let-7 orthologs in response to JW74 treatment is of particular importance in the light of therapeutic attempts to reduce the proliferative capacity and trigger differentiation of poorly differentiated cancer cells through increased let-7 levels.
Reductions in mitogenic signal intensity may normally cause cells to arrest and/or differentiate, whereas signal prolongation may trigger differentiation or death (Traverse et al, 1992; Dolmetsch et al, 1997).
The lack of increased grain number by inhibiting CKX2 expression, as observed in this study, may be caused by a lower expression of shRNAs in the inflorescence (i.e. a lower amount of cytokinins accumulated) to trigger differentiation of more florets in the panicles.
Some of these factors appear to be necessary to maintain the undifferentiated state, while others likely trigger differentiation.
Also, direct reduction of EZH2 by RNA interference did not trigger differentiation, induced only very weak HOXA expression in NT2 cells and also did not enhance the effects of OCT4 and NANOG depletion (Figure S5).
Therefore, what are needed are methods to identify and isolate pluripotent stem cells, to propagate pure populations in the undifferentiated state and to understand the molecular mechanisms that maintain pluripotency as well as those that trigger differentiation.
Similar(27)
Our findings demonstrate that different mechanical loading conditions in condylar chondrocytes trigger differentiation-/maturation-related processes by affecting the expression levels of these factors, ultimately influencing condylar cartilage growth.
Taken together, these data suggest that long-term exposure to relaxin may trigger differentiation-promoting and anti-invasive changes in breast cancer cells.
Here, it is possible that 17β-oestradiol may induce odonto/osteoblastic differentiation of human DPSCs via activation of OR-α/NF-κB, but not by the canonical TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, and accordingly trigger differentiation-related gene expression and mineralization 9, 39.
In contrast to its pro-tumorigenic role in some human epithelial cancers, oncogenic Ras triggers differentiation of pheochromocytoma cells and medullary thyroid carcinoma cells.
The presence of actively moving elongated cells increased when cultures were subjected to oxygen limiting or excessive conditions, suggesting that stress triggered differentiation of cells to the mobile phenotype.
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