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In addition to monitoring where tributary individuals were most likely assigned, this approach also allowed us to assess if S tructure was able to find a clustering solution corresponding to the missing population.
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Spatial correlation of streamflows arose from the fact that the amounts of rainfalls falling within the tributaries of individual flow stations are correlated.
For ease of interpreting and understanding the model and to increase the number of observations in each category, samples were pooled by the river type in two groups (MS/HW and tributary), excluding the individuals assigned to the lower most tributary, Maskejohka.
oncor and S tructure provided very similar results in assigning individuals to tributary populations, but the number of individuals assigned to the MS/HW populations was substantially higher with oncor (Table 1).
Thus, there were neither substantial excess of transient individuals in tributaries e.g. exploring males or strong selection against migrants, but salmon encountered in the tributaries contribute effectively to the next generation.
For example, at the scale of a small tributary (equivalent to an individual spawning reach or deme), a landslide might occur only once in hundreds to thousands of years, and floods large enough to scour redds (salmon nests) might occur once every few decades.
Individual tributaries varied widely in their production of young-of-year pike.
Samples of individuals from the tributaries had been collected during July and August.
In the experiment, individuals from four tributaries (two LC, two SW) were subjected to three experimental temperatures and studied from fertilization to swim up, the stage when the juveniles emerge from the gravel and become free-living [ 36].
A total of eight runs was conducted: four using twenty individuals from the isolated tributary and twenty individuals divided equally among the open system populations, and four using sample sizes of forty individuals.
For the tributary dynamics analyses, extinction occurred when<2 individuals remained in a single tributary (OS or OL).
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