By September, Pfizer plans to submit an application to the F.D.A. for early-stage clinical trials that would combine torcetrapib with statins other than Lipitor, Dr. Feczko said.
At Defense, the hastily drawn order must be translated into a system of trials that would not be invalidated by a Supreme Court.
Worse, it allows civilians to be judged by military courts, in closed, rushed trials that would often take place without defense counsels.
Unfortunately, no one has completed the head-to-head clinical trials that would help patients decide which treatment is best, leaving patients to rely on advice from specialists in surgery or radiation who generally recommend their own specialty.
He asked for an order, which would apply to all pipeline trials, that would allow him to turn over to defense lawyers only evidence he planned to introduce or knew to be exculpatory.
"To get a vaccine across the 'Valley of Death' is likely to cost $1 billion," he added, referring to the huge clinical trials that would be needed to approve a new type of vaccine.
Thrown in prison, they barely escaped lynching and were later subjected to a series of trials that would stretch across several years and reveal in appalling detail the pervasive racism in the judicial system of the South.
"There is not nearly enough money in this industry to begin to pay for clinical trials that would be substantially larger than those already in the medical scientific literature," Dr. Swartz wrote.
Harold Hongju Koh, a law professor at Yale Law School, said Monday that an Iraqi-led tribunal had a serious problem: "Decades of Saddam's brutal rule have left few Iraqi lawyers at home or abroad with the training, skills and neutrality necessary to preside over high-profile trials that would be universally regarded as fair and effective".
