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All the dogs completed 18 trials, scoring almost perfect marks; six dogs made one error each, one dog made two, and another made six mistakes, the team reports this month in Animal Cognition.
It is a five-point scale, with trials scoring 1 or 2 points considered low quality and 3 5 points considered high quality.
Quality scores were high, with 24/28 placebo controlled and 11/12 active controlled trials scoring 3 or more points out of a maximum of 5. Validity scores were also high, with 25/28 placebo controlled and 10/12 active controlled trials scoring 9 or more out of a maximum of 16 (see Additional files 4 and 5).
There was however, a contrast in the results obtained from the four better quality trials, scoring three or above, when meta-analyzed separately from the two poorer quality trials.
The four better quality trials produced a non significant result (weighted mean difference 0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.29 to 0.70 cm, p = 0.41) whereas the two trials scoring less than three produced a significant result in favour of active treatment (weighted mean difference -0.90, 95% confidence interval -1.62 to -0.19, p = 0.01).
Based on the quality of PEDro scale for methodological quality assessment, the RCTs included in this systematic review are of good quality with six trials scoring 7/10 [ 23, 24, 26– 29] and two trials with fair scoring of 5/10 [ 25, 30].
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Five trials scored ≥ 6 on the PEDro scale, indicating a relatively low risk of bias.
Of the randomized, double-blind trials, acute trials scored an average of 4.7 out of 7 while prophylactic trials scored an average of 5.6 out of 9 for compliance.
One of these trials scored a total of 0 on the rating scale used in this review.
Twelve trials concerning 2226 patients in total were reviewed, of which five trials scored ≥10 points (out of 19) for methodological quality.
PEMF trials scored the highest mean value of 4.4.
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