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The main outcome measures were frequency of publication, time to publication, impact factor, CONSORT (for Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) score, STROBE (for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) score, and minor and major inconsistencies between the abstract and the full paper publication.
Here, penetration or aspiration or severe residues (> 50% of bolus size, i.e. bolus fills or overflows the cavities) in the valleculae or pyriforms are taken as evidence of severe difficulty with this food consistency resulting in score 2. If none of these findings are observed on three consecutive trials score 1 is given.
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Five trials scored ≥ 6 on the PEDro scale, indicating a relatively low risk of bias.
Of the randomized, double-blind trials, acute trials scored an average of 4.7 out of 7 while prophylactic trials scored an average of 5.6 out of 9 for compliance.
One of these trials scored a total of 0 on the rating scale used in this review.
All the dogs completed 18 trials, scoring almost perfect marks; six dogs made one error each, one dog made two, and another made six mistakes, the team reports this month in Animal Cognition.
Twelve trials concerning 2226 patients in total were reviewed, of which five trials scored ≥10 points (out of 19) for methodological quality.
PEMF trials scored the highest mean value of 4.4.
High-quality trials were those that scored ≥7 of a maximum possible score of 9. Moderate-quality trials scored ≥5.
Reaction time measures were only recorded on trials scored as a 'hit'hit
All phase II trials scored three points due to a lack of description of randomization and blinding methods.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com