But this time the trials, rather than a challenge, have been breathtakingly cruel.
And shortening the list of charges for tribunals could mean that fewer Guantánamo detainees get trials rather than indefinite detention.
Hopes for the most promising microbicide candidate were dashed last year when a spermicide, Nonoxynol-9, appeared to increase H.I.V. transmission in human trials rather than reducing it.
And even Zamboni himself was urging a go-slow approach, telling people with MS to enrol on clinical trials rather than have the treatment done privately.
Paterson said in February: "I have asked the EC to wait for the results of our field trials, rather than rushing to a decision".
In the courtroom itself, there is a general move in the region towards oral, adversarial trials rather than written, inquisitorial ones.
"It is incumbent upon the hip resurfacing community to prove the efficacy and safety" of the procedure though clinical trials rather than "subjecting young patients" to potential long-term harm, Dr. Walsh concluded.
The four dissenters in Melendez-Diaz had warned that the decision would subject the nation's criminal justice system to a terrible burden, with analysts pointlessly forced to attend trials rather than tend to their forensic responsibilities.
She called for independent clinical trials rather than trials funded and managed by industry, as well as legislation "to ensure that the results of all clinical trials are made fully available and the individual patient data are available for legitimate independent third-party scrutiny".
Mr. Ana, who was condemned to death twice by Franco's courts — once for "aiding rebellion" in his role as a Socialist Youth leader and once for being a threat to the state because of his political activism in prison — said the law should annul the military trials rather than simply declare them illegitimate.
We envision this method being most applicable to interpretation of clinical trials rather than routine disease management of patients.
