Exact(14)
35 36 Trials of HPV testing at the upper age limit of the screening programme ("exit test") and continued surveillance only of HPV positive women could provide important knowledge.
A few phase III trials of HPV prophylactic vaccines are being started.
Recently, clinical trials of HPV VLPs have led to FDA approval of the vaccine [37], [38].
Eight randomised controlled trials of HPV self-sampling evaluating whether it improves participation in screening have been reported from countries with organised screening programs (Table 1) [ 22- 29].
Based on the results from trials of HPV screening and the reported incidence of cervical cancer, this situation seems the case in, for example, the United Kingdom and Italy.
Several recent clinical trials of HPV vaccines have demonstrated that antibody responses mounted to HPV virus-like particles can provide protection against HPV infection for a period of at least several years [ 19, 20, 22].
Similar(46)
An ideal candidate may be National Gene Vector pNGVL4a, which has been previously used in clinical trials of HPV-16 vaccines [ 10].
A pragmatic trial of HPV self-sampling is timely and the findings will have direct relevance to the cervical screening program.
There is an urgent need to undertake a large trial of HPV testing in conjunction with other new technologies (liquid-based cytology and computer-assisted cytology reading) to determine the best way to integrate them into ongoing screening programmes.
In the ARTISTIC trial (A Randomised Trial of HPV Testing in Primary Cervical Screening), HPV testing and liquid based cytology were compared with liquid based cytology alone and the results from the first two screening rounds showed a reduction in detection of high grade lesions in the second round compared with the first in the double testing arm.
The present review summarizes both the worldwide presence of specific HPV types in cervical cancer precursors and in invasive cervical cancers, and also the long-term follow-up data from a large randomized clinical trial of HPV-based cervical cancer screening.
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