Police helmets and yarmulkes commingle in this aerial view dotted with protest signs: "Anti-Semitism is Alive and Well in the USSR" and "Stop Russian Terror Trials," object to the proposed death sentence for two Jews involved with the hijacking plot.
During conjunction-task trials, object (color) information is fed forward along the ventral processing pathway, via temporo-occipital areas to VLPFC; spatial (angle) information is transmitted along the dorsal processing pathway, via parietal areas to dorsal premotor cortex.
Kart-Teke et al. (2006) (see also Dere et al. 2005) presented rats with a three trials object exploration task in which memory for what (object recognition), where (location of the objects) and when (temporal order for the presentation of the objects) were combined.
The results, shown in Figure 4, demonstrate a striking modulation of perceived left/right orientation in the horizontal axis trials: objects on the left side of the array are twice as likely to be seen as viewed from the right as objects on the right side of the array (50% more likely for the single cube condition).
That is, in some grounding trials, objects had been referred to by their location (e.g., "top left"), potentially generating interactive memory traces for that object, yet without a naming precedent (see Fig. 1, Panel A, right, middle panel).
There was, however, a significant crossover interaction (F1,10 = 11.7, p = 0.007), indicating that for easy trials, objects were faster than features, but that this pattern reversed for difficult trials.
It was found that after multiple familiarisation trials, objects could now successfully be recognised as familiar by rats with perirhinal cortex lesions, both following a 90-min delay (the longest delay tested) and when object recognition was tested in the dark after familiarisation trials in the light.
Towards the goal of an animal model of human episodic memory we designed an three-trial object exploration task in which different versions of the novelty-preference paradigm were combined to subsume (a) object recognition memory, (b) the memory for locations in which objects were explored, and (c) the temporal order memory for object presented at distinct time points.
In order to explore the role of active whisking in object novelty detection, the performance of rats having bilateral vibrissal paralysis was compared to that of non-lesioned animals in three modified versions of the one-trial object recognition task performed in the dark.
This one-trial object recognition deficit in the PRh group persisted throughout behavioural testing.
Despite their consistent deficit on one-trial object recognition ('standard object recognition'), the PRh group appeared to perform normally across an array of other conditions.
