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This and previous papers [ 2] have been criticised on the basis that average results from clinical trials do not adequately capture benefits to individuals [ 3, 4], and that clinical trials measure what is measurable, not necessarily what is important [ 4].
In contrast, pragmatic trials measure effectiveness in routine clinical practice and frequently aim to inform choices between treatments.
Pragmatic trials measure effectiveness; they measure the degree of beneficial effect in real clinical practice.
By contrast, pragmatic trials, also known as practical clinical trials, measure effectiveness – benefit the treatment produces in routine clinical practice.
First, although randomized trials measure the best achievable survival, population studies measure the average survival actually achieved.
53 61 63 64 However, only a minority of trials measure the mediators of change in behaviour.
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Also, the earlier trials measured vision after only three months while the larger trial measured after one year.
Only a modest number of trials measured immersion and presence explicitly.
It's important to keep in mind that these clinical trials measured the effect of acetaminophen in a diverse group of back-pain sufferers.
Results: The two randomized trials incorporated similar parallel designs and both trials measured clinical outcomes and short-term change in hematoma size.
Six studies, consisting of eight exercise trials, measured IL-6 in plasma or serum at baseline and either immediately post-exercise or within 5 min.
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