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The risk of bias of randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and controlled before-after studies was assessed with respect to random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting and other bias.
We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies to determine the effectiveness of interventions for improving uptake of copper-IUDs.
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Psychinfo were searched from inception––July 2013 for randomized controlled trials and controlled trials.
14 Nine standard criteria for randomised controlled trials, non-randomised trials, and controlled before-after studies and seven standard criteria for interrupted time series were applied and used to classify each study's risk of bias as low, high, or unclear.
The design group included the terms randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and controlled trials.
15 The same method was applied to non-randomised trials, and controlled before-after studies if applicable.
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*Control=data taken from placebo arms of pharmacotherapy trials and control arms of behavioural interventions.
We used the following eligibility criteria: Study design: randomized controlled trials (RCT) and controlled parallel-arm clinical trials (CCT).
An electronic search for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials was performed in five electronic databases up to July 2017.
The included trials were randomized and controlled.
Such designs included: individually randomised trials, cluster-randomised trials, controlled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series and project evaluations.
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