In early 2005, preparations began for a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a knowledge translation (KT) intervention to increase the demand for measles vaccination in Lasbela district of Balochistan province, Pakistan.
A synthesis of the available literature on AA patients' participation in cancer prevention, screening, and intervention trials found five elements key to CCT participation: negative beliefs about trials, lack of knowledge, influence of faith, health-care provider influence, and friends' or relatives' participation in CCTs, or recommendations (Rivers et al, 2013).
Electronic searches of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Web of knowledge, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PILOTS, and EMBASE identified 17 IT trials (9 controlled trials).
According to one survey, the most common reason cited for physician non-participation in trials was a lack of knowledge about available trials (Taylor, 2004).
The literature searches included Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, and ISI Web of Knowledge, with manual searches of bibliographies of key articles and proceedings of abstracts of major gastroenterology conferences held over the past 7 years.
The information generated from the survey will be a reference point to demonstrate the potential impact of the trial on the level of knowledge and clinical practice within maternity units in the UK.
Low cancer patient participation in clinical trials may reflect lack of knowledge on the part of both doctors and patients about relevant trials that are recruiting [ 4, 5].
In a clinical trial, the knowledge of instrument's responsiveness helps in the selection of measures, in setting the correct sample size and assists in prioritising the number of outcomes to be assessed.
Selection of an appropriate patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument for a clinical trial requires knowledge of the instrument's responsiveness to detecting treatment effects.
Box 4, on blinding terminology, defines the groups of individuals (that is, participants, healthcare providers, data collectors, outcome adjudicators, and data analysts) who can potentially introduce bias into a trial through knowledge of the treatment assignments.
