A trial was valid if the limbs had made contact with the surface of the walkway at least two times, without the dog turning the head.
Seventy-five percent of these trials were valid trials, in which the target appeared in the target-colored placeholder, and 25% were invalid trials, in which the target appeared in the distractor-colored placeholder.
The validity of the spatial cue is manipulated in order to measure the disengagement and move operations (see [33], [34]. Specifically, 75% of the 48 spatial cues (36 trials) are valid and 25% (12 trials) are invalid.
In the potential payoff manipulation, half of the bias trials were valid, i.e., cue and stimulus direction were consistent, and a large reward (eight points) was received for a correct response.
In the prior probability manipulation, 80%% of the bias trials were valid (i.e., in 32 of the 40 trials the direction indicated by the cue was consistent with the direction of the stimulus) and 20%% of the bias trials were invalid (i.e., in 8 of the 40 trials, cue and stimulus direction were inconsistent).
It is also designed for clinical trials and is valid for comparing and even aggregating cohort studies.
The internal comparison of the trial arms, however, is valid.
Finally, our data show that it is feasible to use survival as a primary endpoint in phase III studies and that our strategy of recruiting patients with PSP and MSA into a single stratified trial is methodologically valid where a generic neuroprotective effect is hypothesied.
Instituting methods of quality assurance, such as verification of registered e-mail addresses using a unique registration number would be a valuable means of ensuring information initially entered into the trial's registration profile is valid.
Now the jury has decided that Apple used the technology without permission and that the patent is valid, the trial will move on to determine how much Apple owes in damages.
