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‡‡‡Grain fortification in some but not all trial countries.
New Cochrane systematic review guidelines should require that a breakdown of population and trial countries be disclosed.
Reporting of trial countries in the review varied between the Cochrane groups, with one group reporting trial countries in 100% of reviews (Oral Health; however, only 6 reviews were from this group), and others reporting trial countries in less than a quarter of reviews (Haematological Malignancies 4/18, 22.2%; Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care 10/44, 22.7%).
When present, reporting of trial countries was typically identified from the Characteristics of Included Studies table, whereas in others it was summarised in the text of the review.
Of the 746 reviews which had included at least one trial, almost half (44.9%) did not provide a summary of trial countries within the review (figure 3).
Where only the countries of some trials were reported in the review, a pragmatic decision was made as to whether the review had provided a summary, based on the completeness with which the review reported the trial countries.
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For classifying the trial country into income groups, we used the country-specific estimates of the Gross National Income provided by the World Bank using the Atlas method.
Researchers should be legally obliged to contact sex worker organizations in the trial country and learn how to communicate with sex workers properly.
These reviews, in addition to the 411 reviews that had provided a summary of trials of countries in the review report, gave a total of 633 reviews for which we were able to determine the number of trials and participants by World Bank GNI category of trial country.
Table 4 displays the type of LCS intervention or exposure, baseline health status of the study population, age of the study population, sample size and trial country by outcome category in the 208 intervention and 17 cohort studies.
In addition, the following clinical data were extracted for each trial: country of origin, type of publication (article, abstract), proton pump inhibitor used, use of tinidazole (versus other nitroimidazole derivatives), duration of comparative eradication treatment, and adverse event rate.
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