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The dose calculation algorithm accounted for primary radiation from the treatment machine and scattered radiation from the patient and from beam collimation, leakage radiation, and lung heterogeneity.
Due to the geometrical compatibility of the treatment machine and the simulator, these films may be compared directly with the simulator films or DRRs.
The radiotherapy simulator is a diagnostic X-ray tube, mounted to reproduce the geometric movements of a radiotherapy treatment machine and capable of imaging with both fluoroscopy and plain X-ray film.
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The second manufacturing chain is simulated on an aero-engine vane component including metal deposition, welding, heat treatment, machining and shot-peening processes.
The task of upgrading treatment machines and inadequate equipment were seen as barriers at all four cancer centres.
One much-discussed example of the problem of many hands in computing is the case of the malfunctioning radiation treatment machine Therac-25 (Leveson and Turner 1993; Leveson 1995).
In turn, a further margin is added around this CTV to account for all the technique-dependent variations such as set-up inaccuracy, internal organ motion and treatment machine parameters, which may result in an inadequate dose coverage of the CTV.
Failure to build in adequate safety engineering in the design and use of a radiation treatment machine led to several deaths and injuries.
19 The better treatment times with RapidArc are a consequence of a number of factors: more MUs are required for IMRT plans, and this involves having the treatment machine turned on for an extended time, verify and set accurately the parameters field and rotate the gantry require more time to send information to the treatment machine.
18 The complete radiation therapy record for each patient was collected, including details of the treatment machine, radiation energy, tumour dose, and field locations.
With helical IMRT as Tomotherapy© dose distributions often are even more conformal, longer volumes can be treated, and the treatment machine offers online MV-CT imaging for position verification.
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