For this case we treated trial (describing 11 studies) as a second random effect.
We treat trial by jury as though it were for the protection of individual defendants, a right they can waive if they like.
For instance, fixed design clinical studies for estimating the key parameter of a dose response function might not treat trial patients optimally.
Therapists are allowed to treat trial participants once they have been approved as competent.
Weekly group and individual supervision were provided while the therapists were treating trial participants.
In the debrief participants stated that they were unable to detect which was the real trial and had treated all trials as if they were real.
"For more than half a century now, we have treated the trials of sickness, ageing and mortality as medical concerns.
They say 776 patients with brain tumours were treated in trials before 2008.
However, all "responders" were actually treated in trials of temsirolimus, bevacizumab, and liposomal doxorubicin.
We propose that the lack of positive results from well-designed intention-to-treat trials in hyperglycemic acute ischemic stroke patients could be attributed to treating these distinct groups as one.
Old-fashioned meticulous observation in efficacy studies can unravel pathogenetic and therapeutic effects, beyond the scope of intention-to-treat trials.
