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Consequently, we get (4) Q = 6 π η a c v n P which means that in the case of critical escaping velocity the trapping efficiency Q is dependent on trapped cell's radius a, refractive index of the surrounding medium n, trapping power P, viscosity coefficient η, and critical escaping velocity v.
Previous work on optical trapping performed at 1064 nm conducted in water showed that a temperature increase of ~1°C is expected per 100 mW trapping power [ 11].
Astoundingly, at around 13 mW trapping power the particle jumped inside the trap, moving by roughly 5.3 μm, more than 10 times the amount previously determined.
A bead suspended in deionised water was trapped, typically using a trapping power of ∼5 mW, and the Raman spectrum was recorded by exciting it with 785 nm laser light.
The trapping power lies in 10 30 mW in experiments, and the velocity was slow enough to ignore the vortex induced by the cell revolving.
Reversing the direction subsequently and reducing the trapping power resulted initially in a linear decrease in particle displacement with the same slope.
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In the above range of trapping powers, the nanomembrane can be transported using the optical tweezers/motorized-stage system at velocities reaching 200 μm/s.
Using as few as one trap and trapping powers as low as several hundred milliwatts, silicon nanomembranes can be rotated and translated in a solution over large distances.
Increasing the power even further led again to a nearly linear displacement of the Janus particle, with roughly the same slope as determined for low trapping powers.
As the actual size of the particles and the thickness of the gold varied, the exact height varied accordingly, yet we obtained an average displacement capability of approximately 330 nm per mW of trapping laser power.
When burned, natural gas emits half the carbon dioxide of coal, but methane leakage eviscerates this advantage because of its heat-trapping power.
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