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The trap loss simulation (see Methods) performed as a function of the frame rate, f, of the device and the trap frequency,, supports the idea that the intensity flickering hinders the trap stability (see Fig. 4b,c).
This modification manifests itself in a roughly tenfold increase in the heating rate for ion systems with temperatures less than Ts<10 mK, as suggested empirically in ref. 20. and r0, z0, Vrf, Vec, κ, and Ω are field radius, axial length from trap centre to end-cap, recombination frequency (r.f). voltage, end-cap voltage, geometrical factor and trap frequency, respectively.
m is the ion's mass and ω i the trap frequency in direction i.
For convenience, we have chosen Yb + 171 ions, with equilibirum distance of 10μ m at a radial trap frequency ω trap = 2 π × 5 MHz.
The particle motion will heat due to laser noise and light scattering and, if needed, due to purposeful heating by frequency modulation at twice the longitudinal trap frequency.
Both can be inferred similarly to recent studies in imbalanced ultracold Fermi mixtures by applying radio frequency spectroscopy [27 30], and trap frequency measurements [31], respectively.
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When the holograms were transferred by a two-lens system to the entrance pupil of a high numerical aperture (NA=0.5) lens12, the optical tweezers had a beam radius of wo=1.14 μm and the trap frequencies were measured as fr=100 kHz and fz=17 kHz for radial and axial directions, respectively25.
The trap frequencies are determined by applying an AC signal to one of the compensation electrodes and scanning the applied frequency over the frequency range supposed to contain the trap frequencies while monitoring the the rate of fluorescence photons.
We also may apply higher trap frequencies or ground state cooling techniques to reduce the spatial extent of the ion.
Therefore we produce a BEC all-optically in a crossed dipole trap with high trap frequencies, resulting in cycling times smaller than 7 seconds.
We therefore superpose the lattice axis with one beam of the dipole trap (see Section 3) and obtain a maximum trap depth of 1.45 mK radially, resulting in trap frequencies of (2pitimes4mbox{ kHz}) radially and (2pitimes460mbox{ kHz}) axially.
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