Face presentation and transverse (cross) presentation are rare.
Transverse presentation, which occurs only once in several hundred labours, requires turning of the fetus before vaginal delivery or else delivery by cesarean section.
Among the fetuses: 559 had cephalic presentation (78.5%), 133 had breech presentation (18.7%), 20 had transverse presentation (2.8%) and 17 did not have the information provided.
In our study, the mothers of fetuses with transverse presentation had a higher percentage for the perception of DFM, but this difference was not statistically significant.
The factors significantly associated with vaginal delivery were monthly family income below 5-fold the Brazilian minimum monthly wage, reliance on the Brazilian national health system for healthcare, low maternal age, and first cesarean section indicated because of fetal breech or transverse presentation, or twin pregnancy [ 9].
Maternal factors associated with an increased ECV success include higher parity [ 32, 33], transverse-oblique presentations, posterior placenta [ 32], low uterine tone, non-frank breech presentations [ 33, 34] and non-engagement of the presenting part [ 35].
Malpresentation included breech presentation, face presentation, transverse lie, and unstable lie.
For example, group 9 (transverse lie) presented large differences in the total number of pregnancies between the years, indicating that this presentation was underreported during some time periods.
Some of the non recurring indications for caesarean section are: poor labour progress, foetal distress, placenta previa, transverse lie, breech presentation, oblique lie, pregnancy induced hypertension and twins [ 5].
The following potential confounders were explored: age, BMI, sex of baby, head circumference, baby's weight, Apgar score (1 and 5 minutes), fetal presentation at delivery (normal occipital, breech, transverse, abnormal fetal head presentation and other), birth time (minutes), prolonged labour, perineal tear grade 3 4 and induction (amniotomy, oxytocin and prostaglandins).
