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A model is described for predicting the elastic behaviour of two-phase isotropic materials, based on Takayanagi's model, but taking transverse constraints into account.
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Two models were used for the evaluation of the seismic behavior of the selected typology, given different soil conditions and seismic hazard zones, as follows: (1) one without sacrificial shear keys, which has no transverse displacement restriction and (2) other with non-linear shear keys, which offers transverse constraint to displacement up to a maximum deformation of the sacrificial shear key.
For a lap joint, with transverse fixed boundary constraint at the main plate, the fatigue strength increases with a decrease of weld size but the influence of flank angle depends on the type of load carried.
The effects of the plane-strain constraint and transverse stress are also established.
Also, due to the lack of lateral support or constraint, the transverse frame beam and the transverse direction of the frame slabs in the collapse area almost entirely failed in the collapse limit state.
To account for such problems, the present plate model releases the constraints of vanishing transverse shear stress on the top and bottom plate surfaces.
Three models are optimized as primary goal to verify the capability and efficiency of the proposed model with flexibility and stress constraints under various transverse loads.
Stiffeners attached to the transverse structure are considered as line constraints in the geometry boundary.
However, due to design constraints, streamwise gaps and transverse offsets between the struts and the airfoils could not be avoided.
Effect of jig constraint on longitudinal shrinkage, transverse shrinkage and angular distortion were discussed in details.
The elastic constraint consists of a transverse and rotational spring, as well as a tangential spring, which couples the extensional motion of one span with the other.
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