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Probes in transverse (columns in A and D) and parasagittal planes (columns B and C) in anterior and posterior lung fields, and in transverse and coronal planes (middle row) in lateral lung fields.
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Most of these joints lacked transverse reinforcement, column lap splices and continuous bottom beam reinforcement.
At the beam-to-column joints, the distance between transverse reinforcements of columns is reduced to 0.07 m.
Along the transverse direction, the columns are expected to have minimum bending moments because of the cantilever action of the double-frame deformation configuration as illustrated in Fig. 2.
Lastly, a parametric study was carried out to understand the effects of column axial load, beam longitudinal reinforcement bar amount and column transverse reinforcement ratio.
The new resistance function was derived based on a quasi-static approximation of column behaviour taking into consideration the reduction in the column transverse resistance caused by the axial compressive load.
A number of waste pipes were randomly selected and sliced to be used as circular column transverse reinforcement.
This study focused on the effects of transverse welds on column strengths with respect to the section slenderness.
The European Code for aluminum structures uses the heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening factor to consider the weakening effects of transverse welds on column strength.
These associated injuries might be acetabular, such as posterior column, transverse, or T-configuration fractures, or intra-articular injuries such as a multi-fragmentary fracture pattern, marginal impaction, intra-articular fragments, and lesions of the femoral head [7].
Since the investigation showed positive correlations between joint shear strength and both transverse reinforcement and column axial force, the effects of those parameters are included in the new estimation model.
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